IJEP 42(3): 374-379 : Vol. 42 Issue. 3 (March 2022)
Abdul Kaabi, Apu Das and Prahash Chandra Sarma*
Cotton University, Department of Chemistry, Guwahati – 781 001, Assam, India
Abstract
The degradation of acenaphthylene in river sediment was investigated in a 60 days experiment under two different chemical environments. GLC and HPLC analyses of soxhlet extracts in DCM and methanol solvent, respectively were done to find out the concentration of remaining hydrocarbon. By applying the method of integration on the results on concentration as per HPLC analysis, the rate of the chemical process was found to follow first-order kinetics. Disappearance time for 50% in days, that is DT-50 of the PAH was determined by using half-life equation of first-order reaction. It has been found that the DT-50 value under ambient conditions was found to be 41 days. Gas liquid chromatography was done for 53 min of two samples. The GLC report of first 10 min analysis exhibit that the total number of n-hexane soluble compounds in the acenaphthylene applied to soil decreases from 30 to 23 under the influence of NPK nutrients. These 23 peaks cover a total area of 96.765% in the chromatogram against 98.161% by the 30 peaks of the sample without NPK nutrients. This indicates that the presence of NPK nutrients accelerates the removal of the hydrocarbon and its derivatives from the soil.
Keywords
DT-50, Acenaphthylene, Degradation, River sediment, NPK nutrients
References
- Ukiwe, L.N., et al. 2013. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons degradation techniques: A review. Int. J. Chem., 5(4): 43-55.
- Agrawal, N., et al. 2018. Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (phenanthrene and pyrene) by the ligninolytic fungi Ganoderma lucidum isolated from the hardwood stump. Bioresour. Bioprocess. 5(11): 1-9.
- Kadri, T. 2017. Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by fungal enzymes: A review. J. Env. Sci., 51: 52–74.
- Nafie, N.L. 2014. The chemical processes occurred in the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on the soil by Fenton’s reagent. Int. J. Pharm. Bio. Sci., 5(2): 106 – 112.
- Boonchan, S., et al. 2000. Degradation and mineralization of high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by defined fungal-bacterial cocultures. Appl. Env. Microbiol., 66: 1007–1019.
- Sihag, S., et al. 2014. Factors affecting the rate of biodegradation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Int. J. Pure Appl. Biosci., 2 (3): 185-202.
- Goi, A. and M. Trapido. 2004. Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil: The Fenton reagent vs ozonation. Env. Tech., 25: 155-164.
- Rahman, M., et al. 2019. Investigation on the rate of horizontal spread of anthracene in a sandy clay soil. J. Indian Chem. Soc., 96: 717-720.
- Enell, A., et al. 2005. Desorption kinetics studies on PAH-contaminated soil under varying temperatures. Chemosphere. 61: 1529–1538.
- Viecelli, N.C. 2014. Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil. Env. Sci. Biol. Eng., 156: 295-301.
- Kamil, N.A.F.M. and S.A. Talib. 2016. Biodegradation of PAHs in soil: Influence of initial PAHs concentration. IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng., 136 012052. doi:10.1088/1757-899X/136/1/012052.
- Singh, D., P.K. Chhonkar and R.N. Pandey. 2001. Soil plant water analysis-A method manual. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi.
- Gupta, P.K. 2009. Methods in environmental analysis (2nd edn). Ed Updesh Purohit. Agrobois (India), Jodhpur. pp 167-309.
- Sarma, P.C., et al. 2004. Degradation of residual oil in soil under natural environment: A gravimetric and gas chromatographic analysis. RJCC. 2: 86-93.
- Sarma, P.C. 2010. Degradation of diesel oil hydrocarbons in soil in presence of a green reagent- A gravimetric and gas chromatographic analysis. J. Ultra Chem., 6(2): 247-251.
- Sarma, P.C and K.G. Bhattacharyya. 2010. Gas chromatographic analysis of persistent hydrocarbon com-ponents of crude oil and their oxygenated derivatives in soil. Res. J. Chem. Env., 13(3): 66-68.
