IJEP 42(7): 823-830 : Vol. 42 Issue. 7 (July 2022)
Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College, Department of Civil Engineering, Coimbatore-641 022, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
Waste management technologies are slowly streamlining through the proper technique of separation from the source, collection, right packaging, storage, safe transportation, disinfection, treatment and disposal that can prevent the environment. A numerous quantity of biodegradable clinical waste is burned for energy recuperation. All incineration-based technology, hydroclave, microwave, autoclave, etc., for the treatment of infectious biomedical waste (IBMW), is capital intensive and also costly to operate. Disposing of ash is a severe problem because the ash which is buried in the landfills leaches the area and causes extreme contamination to soil, water and species in the surrounding environment. Consequently, low price treatment alternatives are needed as an opportunity to control BMW. The study was carried out to treat the IBMW without inflicting any drastic results and to destroy pathogens effectively with the usage of alkaline solution and solar energy. Lime and neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extracts have been tried as a disinfectant of pathogens in infectious biomedical waste. Solar strength has the potential to break pathogenic organisms of infectious biomedical waste and will be effectively utilized for disinfection purposes. The performances of all treatments have been analyzed through alkalinity COD and electric conductivity. The identity of the microorganism via gram staining technique, bio-assay, MPN values, morphological study and the presence of bacterial colonies have been determined using popular plate count method. The first-order kinetic model was derived from the biological parameters. The destruction of pathogens in infectious biomedical waste was achieved by 99% of microbes in 6 hr detention period by the combined effects of solar disinfection with a lime solution.
Keywords
Infectious biomedical waste, Lime, Neem (Azadirachta indica), Solar disinfection, kinetic study
References
- Sadeghi, A. 2002. Evaluation, collection, transportation and disposal of mashhad’s hospital wastes. J. Env. Manage., 13: 223-246.
- WHO/UNICEF. 2015. Water, sanitation and hygiene in health care facilities: Status in low and middle-income countries. World Health Organization, Geneva.
- Glenn, M.C.R. and R. Garwal. 1999. Clinical waste in developing countries : An analysis with a case study of India and a critique of the basle-TWG guidelines.
- Walker, B.L., and C.D. Cooper. 1992. Air pollution emission factors for medical waste incinerators. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 42:784-791.
- Yuhas, J.A., A.R. Borowsky and F.A. Hasselriis. 1994. Comparison of air toxics emission from medical waste incinerators and waste hauling. 87th Annual Meeting and Exhibition, Air & Waste Manage. Assoc., Paper No. 94-RA123A.02, Cincinnati, OH, 19–24.
- Alvim-Ferraz, M.C.M. and S.A.V. Afonso 2005. Incineration of healthcare wastes: management of atmospheric emissions through waste segregation. Waste Manage., 25:638-648.
- Fritsky, K.J., J.H. Kumm and M. Wilken. 2001. Combine PCDD/F destruction and particulate control in a baghouse: experience with a catalytic filter system at a medical waste incineration plant. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 51:1642–1649.
- Glasser, H., P.Y. Chang and D.C. Hickman. 1991. An analysis of biomedical waste incineration. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 41:1180–1188.
- Chitnis, S., et al. 2003. Solar disinfection of infectious biomedical waste: A new approach for developing countries. Lancet. 362: 1285- 1286.
- Powell, F.C. 1987. Air pollutant emissions from the incineration of hospital waste: The Albert experience. J. Air Poll. Control. Assoc., 37(6): 836-839.
- Jayanthi, S. and E. Sarojini. 2010. Anaerobic digestion of biodegradable infectious medical waste. J. Ecotoxicol. Env. Monit., 19(4):349-354.
- Chitnis, V., et al. 2003. Solar disinfection of infectious biomedical waste: A new approach for developing countries. Lancet. 362:1285-1286.
- Wise, D.L. 1981. Fuel gas production from biomass (vol. II). CRC Press, New York.
- Ananthanarayan, R., C.K. Jayaram and Paniker. 2005. Textbook of microbiology (7th edn). Orient Longman Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad, India.
- Trivedy, R. K. and P.K. Goel. 1986. Chemical and biological methods for water pollution studies. Environmental Publications, Parat.
- Datta, P., G. K. Mohi and J. Chander. 2018. Biomedical waste management in India: Critical appraisal. J. Lab. Physicians. 10(1): 6-14.
- Deng, N., Y. F. Zhang and Y. Wang. 2008. Thermo-gravimetric analysis and kinetic study on pyrolysis of representative medical waste composition. Waste Manage., 28(9):1572-1580.
- Taghipour, H., et al. 2014. On-site or off-site treatment of medical waste: A challenge. J. Env. Health Sci. Eng., 12: 68.
- Klangsin, P. and A. K. Harding. 2011. Medical waste treatment and disposal methods used by hospitals in Oregon, Washington and Idaho. 48(6): 516-526.
- Jayanthi, S., and E. Sarojini. 2009. Comparison study of anaerobic digestion for segregated IBMW and non-segregated IBMW. Asian J. Microbiol. Biotech. Env. Sci., 11(1).
- Jayanthi, S., and E. Sarojini. 2010. Destruction of pathogens in infectious biomedical waste using lime and neem (Azadirachta indica). Asian J. Microbiol. Biotech. Env. Sci., 12(3):119-122.
- Jayanthi, S., and E. Sarojini. 2010. Effect of solar radiation on disinfection of infectious bio-medical waste. J. Env. Sci. Eng., 52(2):93-96.
- Voudrias, E.A. 2016. Technology selection for infectious medical waste treatment using the analytic hierarchy process. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 66(7):663-672.
- Huang, H. and L. Tang. 2007. Treatment of organic waste using thermal plasma pyrolysis technology. Energy Conversion Manage., 48(4):1331-1337.
