IJEP 43(13): 1256-1260 : Vol. 43 Issue. 13 (Conference 2023)
Neha Sharma* and Sudhir Kumar Goyal
GLA University, Department of Civil Engineering, Mathura – 281 406, Uttar Pradesh, India
Abstract
Herein, sustainable concrete prepared from shoe sole waste was studied. Footwear industry consists of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) waste generated from the manufacturing process of shoe soles. The excess material from the manufacturing of shoe insoles and innersoles generated as waste can be used as coarse aggregate in concrete. EVA waste generated from the footwear industry was employed as coarse aggregate in proportions of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% of natural aggregate. The goal of this research is to determine how the mechanical properties of ordinary concrete would be affected by using this waste material in substitution of natural coarse aggregate. The concrete slump test was carried out to evaluate the fresh concrete’s workability. All samples were subjected to a compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength tests at 7, 14, 28, 56, 91 and 365 days. Results showed that EVA could stand in for coarse aggregates. These trials show that not only is EVA noticeable as an aggregate in concrete, but it will also have more benefits in lightweight concrete than regular concrete. The use of EVA concrete results in less slump, making it possible to replace more of it without sacrificing strength. A 5% total replacement ratio was found to be optimal for sustainable construction.
Keywords
Shoe sole waste, Sustainable construction, Ethylene vinyl acetate, Split tensile strength, Coarse aggregate
References
- Ahmad, F., M.I. Qureshi and Z. Ahmad. 2022. Influence of nano graphite platelets on the behaviour of concrete with e-waste plastic coarse aggregates. Constr. Building Mater., 316. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.125980.
- Sunthonpagasit, N. and M.R. Duffey. 2004. Scrap tires to crumb rubber: Feasibility analysis for processing facilities. Resour. Conserv. Recycl., 40(4): 281-299. doi: 10.1016/S0921-3449(03)00073-9.
- Pelisser, F., et al. 2011. Concrete made with recycled tire rubber: Effect of alkaline activation and silica fume addition. J. Clean. Prod., 19(6–7): 757–763. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2010.11.014.
- Ahmad, J., Z. Zhou and R. Martínez-García. 2022. A study on the microstructure and durability performance of rubberized concrete with waste glass as binding material. J. Build. Eng., 49: 104054. doi: 10.1016/j.jobe.2022.104054.
- Assaggaf, R.A., et al. 2022. Cost-effective treatment of crumb rubber to improve the properties of crumb-rubber concrete. Case Studies Constr. Mater., 16. doi: 10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e00881.
- Amel, C.L., et al. 2017. Dune sand and pumice impact on mechanical and thermal lightweight concrete properties. Constr. Building Mater., 133: 209-218. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.12. 043.
- Shah, S.N., et al. 2021. Lightweight foamed concrete as a promising avenue for incorporating waste materials: A review. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 164: 105103. doi: 10.1016/J.RESCONREC.2020.105 103.
- Topçu, I.B. and T. Uygunoçlu. 2006. Properties of autoclaved lightweight aggregate concrete. Build. Env., 42(12): 4108–4116. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv. 2006.11.024.
- Khan, Z. I., et al. 2019. Comparative study on the enhancement of thermo-mechanical properties of carbon fiber and glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites. Mater. Today Proceedings. 39: 956–958. doi: 10.1016/J.MATPR.2020.04.223.
- Demelo, A.B. and T.N.M. Mendonca. 2017. Cement blocks with EVA waste for extensive modular green roof: Contribution of the components for thermal insulation. Revista IBRACON Estruturas Mater., 10(1): 92–106. doi: 10.1590/s1983-4195201700 0100006.
- Dos Santos, F.M.R., et al. 2016. Comparative analysis of the sisal and piassava fibers as reinforcements in lightweight cementitious composites with EVA waste. Constr. Building Mater., 128: 315–323. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.10. 035.
- Arunkumar, K., et al. 2021. Mitigation of waste rubber tire and waste wood ash by the production of rubberized low calcium waste wood ash based geopolymer concrete and influence of waste rubber fibre in setting properties and mechanical behaviour. Env. Res., 194: 110661. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110661.
- Baptista, M.C., et al. 2021. Valourization of EVA waste from footwear industry as natural aggregates substitutes in mortar: The effect of granulo-metry. J. Mater. Cycles Waste Manage., 23(4): 1445–1455. doi: 10.1007/s10163-021-01222-7.
- Attaelmanan, M., et al. 2021. Effect of using EVA as partial replacement for coarse aggregates on concrete properties. FES J. Eng. Sci., 9(2): 58–63. doi: 10.52981/fjes.v9i2.678.
- Dulsang, N., et al. 2016. Characterization of an environment friendly lightweight concrete containing ethyl vinyl acetate waste. Mater. Des., 96: 350–356. doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2016.02.037.
- Mohajerani, A., et al. 2020. Recycling waste rubber tyres in construction materials and associated environmental considerations: A review. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. ,155: 104679. doi: 10.1016/j.res conrec.2020.104679.
- Shoukry, R., M. Farag and S. Alakkad. 2018. Use of EVA foam in Portland cement concrete potential incorporation of saline water into Portland cement concrete view project impact of elevated temperature, chemical and workmanship on performance of beams with near surface mounted frp bars. View project. Available at : https://www.researchgate. net/publication/328761428.
- Posi, P., et al. 2013. Pressed lightweight concrete containing calcined diatomite aggregate. Constr. Building Mater., 47: 896–901. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.05.094.
- Labbaci, Y., et al. 2017. The use of the volcanic powders as supplementary cementitious materials for environmental-friendly durable concrete. Constr.Building Mater., 133: 468–481. doi: 10.1 016/j.conbuildmat.2016.12.088.
- Gregorova, V., M. Ledererova and Z. Stefunkova. 2017. Investigation of influence of recycled plastics from cable, ethylene vinyl acetate and polystyrene waste on lightweight concrete properties. Procedia Eng., 195: 127–133. doi: 10.1016/j.proe ng.2017.04.534.
- IS 7320.1974. Specifications for concrete slump test apparatus. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India.
- IS 12269. 1987. 53 grade ordinary portland cement. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
- IS 8112. 2013. Ordinary Portland cement 43 grade- Specification. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India.
- IS 383. 1970. Specification for coarse and fine aggregates from natural sources for concrete. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India.
- Meira, F.A., et al. 2012. Study of EVA blocks waste recyclability. Key Eng. Mater., 517: 646–652. doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.517.646.
- Sharma, N., et al. 2020. A review: sustainable compressive strength properties of concrete mix with replacement by marble powder. J. Achievements Mater. Manufacturing Eng., 1(98) : 11–23. doi: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.0813.
