IJEP 43(14): 1299-1309 : Vol. 43 Issue. 14 (Conference 2023)
Rawasi Ayad Al-Mousawi*, Khaldoon N. Abbas, Mahasin F. Hadi Al-Kadhemy and Asrar Abdulmunem Saeed
Mustansiriyah University, Department of Physics, College of Science, Baghdad, Iraq
Abstract
This paper studies photocatalytic degradation, a process where the organic contaminant in water is degraded. The catalyst used in this study is (SnO2/CuO) nanocomposite with different concentrations synthesized by hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction, FESEM, FTIR and UV-visible spectrometry were used to examine the materials’ morphology, surface content and structure. The results from XRD reveal that the crystal structure of samples exhibits two phases comprising SnO2 structure that possesses a tetragonal rutile and a tetragonal cell of metallic tin (Sn). FESEM images detect that the change of precursor concentration in the range of 0.1-0.05 M influences the shape of the nanocomposite and has an amazing effect on the diameter size of as-grown particles. The FTIR spectra’s presence of vibrational bands corresponding to CuO and SnO2 confirms that these materials exist in the nanostructure, showing that the binaries of metallic oxides have integrated successfully. In UV-visible., the absorption increased with increased thickness. The energy gap dropped from 2.82 to 2.72 eV with rising thickness. The photodegradation property of SnO2/CuO nanocomposite was studied using Methylene Blue model pollutant and the maximum values of efficiency of nanocomposite ranged from 94.28-92.85% at 135 min. Consequently, the catalysis of SnO2/CuO increased the photodegradation of Methylene Blue. The research aims to remove organic pollutants from the water and wastewater by photocatalysis and to preserve the environment, a preparation method was chosen with low-temperature materials that are low-cost, environment-friendly, renewable, high efficiency and non-toxic.
Keywords
Environmental pollution, Water pollution, SnO2-CuO, Photocatalytic, Methylene Blue, Hydrothermal, Structural, Morphological, Optical properties
References
- Rao, C.N.R., A. Müller and A.K. Cheetham. 2006. The chemistry of nanomaterials: Synthesis, properties and applications. John Wiley and Sons.
- Bandyopadhyay, A.K. 2008. Nanomaterials. New Age International.
- Moriarty, P. 2001. Nanostructured materials. Reports Progress Phys., 64(3): 297.
- Alim, K.A., V.A. Fonoberov and A.A. Balandin. 2005. Origin of the optical phonon frequency shifts in ZnO quantum dots. Appl. Phys. Letters. 86(5): 053103.
- Alim, K.A., et al. 2005. Micro-Raman investigation of optical phonons in ZnO nanocrystals. J. Appl. Phys., 97(12): 124313.
- Ajayan, P.M., L.S. Schadler and P.V. Braun. 2006. Nanocomposite science and technology. John Wiley and Sons.
- Brooks, T.M.B. 2007. Condition assessment of Kevlar composite materials using Raman spectroscopy. M.Sc. Thesis. University of Missouri, Columbia.
- Das, S. and V. Jayaraman. 2014. SnO2: A comprehensive review on structures and gas sensors. Progress Mater. Sci., 66: 112-255.
- Gvozdenko, A., et al. 2022. Synthesis of CuO nanoparticles stabilized with gelatin for potential use in food packaging applications. Sci. Reports. 12(1): 12843.
- Gan, Y.X., et al. 2020. Hydrothermal synthesis of nanomaterials. J. Nanomater., 8917013.
- Lu, C.H. and C.H. Yeh. 2000. Influence of hydrothermal conditions on the morphology and particle size of zinc oxide powder. Ceramics Int., 26(4): 351-357.
- Byrappa, K. and T. Adschiri. 2007. Hydrothermal technology for nanotechnology. Progress Crystal Growth Characterization Mater., 53(2): 117-166.
- Perumal, V., et al. 2023. Electron-hole recombination effect of SnO2–CuO nanocomposite for improving Methylene Blue Photocatalytic activity in wastewater treatment under visible light. J. King Saud University Sci., 35(1): 102388.
- Suthakaran, S., et al. 2020. Surfactant-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of Zr doped SnO2nanopar-ticles with photocatalytic and supercapacitor applications. Mater. Sci. Semiconductor Processing. 111: 104982.
- Sangchay, W. 2016. The self-cleaning and photocatalytic properties of TiO2doped with SnO2thin films preparation by sol-gel method. Energy Procedia. 89: 170-176.
- Said, M.I. and A. Othman. 2021. Structural, optical and photocatalytic properties of mesoporous CuO nanoparticles with tunable size and different morphologies. RSC Adv., 11(60): 37801-37813.
- Kumar, V., D. Dwivedi and P. Agrawal. 2013. Optical, structural and electrical properties of nanosized zinc oxide sintered films for photovoltaic applications. Sci. Sintering. 45(1): 13-19.
- Nwanna, E.C., P.E. Imoisili and T.C. Jen. 2022. Green synthesis preparation and evaluation of CuO doped SnO2. J. Mater. Res. Tech., 17: 1901-1910.
- Mariammal, R., et al. 2012. On the enhancement of ethanol sensing by CuO modified SnO2nanopar-ticles using fiber-optic sensor. Sensors Actuators B Chem., 169: 199-207.
- Pavitra, V., et al. 2020. Sonochemical synthesis of SnO2–CuO nanocomposite: Diverse applications on Li-ion battery, electrochemical sensing and photocatalytic activity. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electronics. 31: 8737-8749.
- Khaenamkaew, P., et al. 2020. Crystal structure, lattice strain, morphology and electrical properties of SnO2nanoparticles induced by low calcination temperature. Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2020: 1-10.
- Zainelabdin, A., et al. 2012. CuO/ZnO nanocorals synthesis via hydrothermal technique: Growth mechanism and their application as humidity sensor. J. Mater. Chem., 22(23): 11583-11590.
- Mahajan, P., A. Singh and S. Arya. 2020. Improved performance of solution processed organic solar cells with an additive layer of sol-gel synthesized ZnO/CuO core/shell nanoparticles. J. Alloys Compounds. 814: 152292.
- Singh, A., et al. 2021. Promising photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange dye via sol-gel synthesized Ag-CdS@Pr-TiO2core/shell nanoparticles. Physica B Condensed Matter. 616: 413121.
- Zhu, L., et al. 2018. Synthesis of the 0D/3D CuO/ZnO heterojunction with enhanced photocatalytic activity. J. Physical Chem. C. 122(17): 9531-9539.
- Kumar, M.R., et al. 2018. A facile one step synthesis of SnO2/CuO and CuO/SnO2nanocomposites: Photocatalytic application. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electronics. 29: 13508-13515.
- Talebian, N. and F. Jafarinezhad. 2013. Morphology-controlled synthesis of SnO2nanostructures using hydrothermal method and their photocatalytic applications. Ceramics Int., 39(7): 8311-8317.
- Birkel, A., et al. 2010. Interaction of alkaline metal cations with oxidic surfaces: Effect on the morphology of SnO2nanoparticles. Langmuir. 26(5): 3590-3595.
- Abdullah, H., et al. 2021. Structure, morphology and optical properties of SnO2nanoparticle synthesized via ultrasonic spray pyrolysis technique: Effect of CuO doping concentration. J. Physics Conference Series. 2114: 012074.
- Murugan, K., et al. 2014. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Acacia leucophloea extract and their antibacterial activity. Int. J. Nanomedicine. 9: 2431.
- Baker, D., S. Jackson and G. Pryce. 2007. Cannabinoid control of neuroinflammation related to multiple sclerosis. British J. Pharmacol., 152(5): 649-654.
- Keles, E., et al. 2020. Hydrothermally synthesized U.V. light active zinc stannate: Tin oxide (ZTO: SnO2) nanocomposite photocatalysts for photocatalytic applications. Mater. Sci. Semiconductor Processing. 110: 104959.
- Habubi, N., S. Oboudi and S. Chiad. 2012. Study of some optical properties of mixed SnO2-CuO thin films. J. Nano Electronic Physics. 4(4):04008.
- Abdullah, M.T., et al. 2021. The effect of different thickness on the optical and electrical properties of TiO2thin films. J. Physics Conference Series. 1999(1): 012131.
- Aldabyb, J. and M. Edbeyb. 2020. The effects of concentration based on the absorbance form the ultraviolet–visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy analysis. Int. J. Sci. Letters. 2(1): 1-11.
- Hussein, D., M. Jaduaa and A. Abd. 2017. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) prepared by laser ablation in ethanol. 3: 2458-925.
- Aly, S. and A.A. Akl. 2015. Influence of film thickness on optical absorption and energy gap of thermally evaporated CdS0.1Se0.9thin films. Chalcogenide Letters. 12(10): 489-496.
- Shanthi, S., C. Subramanian and P. Ramasamy. 1999. Investigations on the optical properties of undoped, fluorine doped and antimony doped tin oxide films. Crystal Res. Tech. J. Experimental Ind. Crystallography. 34(8): 1037-1046.
- Omar, E.Y., et al. 2023. Study of the effect of thickness on the optical properties of MnBi0.95Sb0.05thin film. Sohag J. Sci., 8(2): 147-151.
- Ao, D., et al. 2019. Heterostructured NiO/ZnO nanorod arrays with significantly enhanced H2S sensing performance. Nanomater., 9(6): 900.
- Tangcharoen, T., W. Klysubun and C. Kongmark. 2018. Synthesis of nanocrystalline NiO/ZnO hetero-structured composite powders by sol-gel auto combustion method and their characterizations. J. Molecular Structure. 1156: 524-533.
- Hone, F.G. and F.K. Ampong. 2016. Effect of deposition temperature on the structural, morphological and optical band gap of lead selenide thin films synthesized by chemical bath deposition method. Mater. Chem. Physics. 183: 320-325.
- Kalam, A., et al. 2013. Effect of pH on solvothermal synthesis of b-Ni(OH)2and NiO nano-architectures: Surface area studies, optical properties and adsorption studies. Superlattices Microstructures. 55: 83-97.
- Taufique, M., et al. 2018. ZnO–CuO nanocompo-sites with improved photocatalytic activity for environmental and energy applications. J. Electronic Mater., 47: 6731-6745.
- Chang, T., et al. 2013. Enhanced photocatalytic activity of ZnO/CuO nanocomposites synthesized by hydrothermal method. Nano-Micro Letters. 5: 163-168.
- Xu, M., et al. 2018. Microwave-assistant hydrothermal synthesis of SnO2@ZnO hierarchical nano structures enhanced photocatalytic performance under visible light irradiation. Mater. Res. Bulletin. 106: 74-80.
