IJEP 44(12): 1117-1124 : Vol. 44 Issue. 12 (December 2024)
Manoj Shanmugamoorthy*, Sampathkumar Velusamy, Baraneetharan Raju, Divagar Senthil Kumar and Deepak Kumar Dhakshinamoorthy
Kongu Engineering College, Department of Civil Engineering, Perundurai, Erode – 638 060, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
The usage and demand for fossil fuels is increasing globally. Due to greenhouse gas emissions, this has increased wealth disparity, exacerbated the negative effects of climate change and had a detrimental influence on public health. At the same time, significant amounts of biomass waste, including paper and agricultural byproducts, are produced yearly in the economies with the fastest rates of growth in the world. They could be disposed of carelessly or used inefficiently, endangering the environment. Effective exploitation of biomass waste can solve this issue when transformed into briquettes by densification. In this study, we investigated the viability of employing agro- and industrial waste as the primary raw materials for biofuel briquettes. Groundnut shells include a range of useful chemicals and are made of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, making them appropriate for many uses. The waste paper and pulp products have some calorific value because they include some organic substance. To make bricks, briquettes, crushed chakra bases and eco-friendly composites, the secondary paper mill sludge (PMS) is put through several processes. The briquette’s physical and combustion characteristics, such as density, moisture content, ash content, calorific value, volatile matter and fixed carbon, were also evaluated. This work offers a fresh and environmentally friendly method for using these wastes while advancing bioenergy.
Keywords
Waste to wealth, Agro biomass, Solid fuel, Environmental sustainability, Characterization analysis
References
- Marreiro, H.M., et al. 2021. Empirical studies on biomass briquette production: A literature review. Energies. 14(24): 8320.
- Lubwama, M. and V.A. Yiga. 2017. Development of groundnut shells and bagasse briquettes as sustainable fuel sources for domestic cooking applications in Uganda. Renewable energy. 111: 532-542.
- Ajayi, V. and A. Lateef. 2023. Biotechnological valorization of agrowastes for circular bioeconomy: Melon seed shell, groundnut shell and groundnut peel. Cleaner Circular Bioeco., 4: 100039.
- Gopal, P., N. Sivaram and D. Barik. 2019. Paper industry wastes and energy generation from wastes (chapter 7). In Energy from toxic organic waste for heat and power generation. Woodhead Publishing. pp 83-97.
- Vitali, F., et al. 2013. Agricultural waste as household fuel: Techno-economic assessment of a new rice-husk cookstove for developing countries. Waste Manage., 33(12) : 2762-2770.
- Tolessa, A. 2023. Bioenergy potential from crop residue biomass resources in Ethiopia. Heliyon. 9(2).
- Quispe, I., R. Navia and R. Kahhat. 2017. Energy potential from rice husk through direct combustion and fast pyrolysis: A review. Waste Manage., 59: 200-210.
- Deshannavar, U.B., et al. 2018. Production and characterization of agro-based briquettes and estimation of calorific value by regression analysis: An energy application. Mater. Sci. Energy Tech., 1(2): 175-181.
- Kebede, T., D.T. Berhe and Y. Zergaw. 2022. Combustion characteristics of briquette fuel produced from biomass residues and binding materials. J. Energy. 2022(12): 1-10.
- Velusamy, S., A. Subbaiyan and R.S. Thangam. 2021. Combustion characteristics of briquette fuels from sorghum panicle–pearl millets using cassava starch binder. Env. Sci. Poll. Res., 28(17): 21471-21485.
- Okoko, A., et al. 2017. The carbon footprints of alternative value chains for biomass energy for cooking in Kenya and Tanzania. Sustain. Energy Tech. Assess., 22: 124-133.
- Kpalo, S.Y., et al. 2020. A review of technical and economic aspects of biomass briquetting. Sustain., 12(11): 4609.
- Velusamy, S., et al. 2023. Characterization of solid biomass briquette biofuel from the wastes of Senna auriculata and Ricinus communis using tapioca starch for sustainable environment. Env. Sci. Poll. Res., 30(4): 10110-10127.
- Rajaseenivasan, T., et al. 2016. An investigation on the performance of sawdust briquette blending with neem powder. Alexandria Eng. J., 55(3): 2833-2838.
- Chaiklangmuang, S., S. Supa and P. Kaewpet. 2008. Development of fuel briquettes from biomass-lignite blends. Chiang Mai J. Sci., 35(1): 43-50.
- Ibitoye, S.E., et al. 2023. Effect of densification process parameters on the physico-mechanical properties of composite briquettes of corncob and rice husk. Mater. Today Proceedings. (In press)
- Gong, C., et al. 2023. The significance of biomass densification in biological-based biorefineries: A critical review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Reviews. 183: 113520.
- Ndiema, C., P. Manga and C. Ruttoh. 2002. Influence of die pressure on relaxation characteristics of briquetted biomass. Energy Conver. Manage., 43(16): 2157-2161.
- Velusamy, S., et al. 2023. Combustion characteristics analysis of agricultural biomass- A review. Indian J. Env. Prot., 43(1): 55-63.
- Ifa, L., et al. 2020. Techno-economic analysis of bio-briquette from cashew nut shell waste. Heliyon. 6(9).
- Pan, Z., et al. 2023. Environmental sustainability by a comprehensive environmental and energy comparison analysis in a wood chip and rice straw biomass-fueled multi-generation energy system. Process Safety Env. Prot., 177: 868-879.
- Celestino, J.M.T., et al. 2023. Effects of clay, gum Arabic and hybrid binders on the properties of rice and coffee HUSK briquettes. Results Eng., 20: 101488.
- Mola-Yudego, B., et al. 2014. A conceptual framework for the introduction of energy crops. Renew. Energy. 72: 29-38.
- Qi, J., et al. 2023. State-of-the-art on animal manure pollution control and resource utilization. J. Env. Chem. Eng., 11(5): 110462.
- Davies, R. and O. Davies. 2013. Physical and combustion characteristics of briquettes made from water hyacinth and phytoplankton scum as binder. J. combustion. 2013: 1-7.
- Saravanakumar, A., et al. 2023. Biomethane production as a green energy source from anaerobic digestion of municipal solid waste: A state-of-the-art review. Biocatalysis Agric. Biotech., 53(4): 102866.
- Balcioglu, G., H.K. Jeswani and A. Azapagic. 2023. Energy from forest residues in Turkey: An environmental and economic life cycle assessment of different technologies. Sci. Total Env., 874: 1623
16. - Katimbo, A., et al. 2014. Potential of densification of mango waste and effect of binders on produced briquettes. Agric. Eng., 16: 146-155.
- Ojha, D.K., V.S.P. Kumar and R. Vinu. 2021. Analytical pyrolysis of bagasse and groundnut shell briquettes: Kinetics and pyrolysate composition studies. Bioresour. Tech. Reports. 15: 100784.
- Chiou, I.J. and I.T. Wu. 2016. Manufacturing biofuel briquettes from industrial sludge. Int. J. Sustain. Develop. Res., 2(4): 18-25.
