IJEP 44(13): 1238-1246 : Vol. 44 Issue. 13 (Conference 2024)
1. Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Department of Biotechnology, Dehradun – 248 002, Uttarakhand, India
2. Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), School of Agriculture, Dehradun – 248 002, Uttarakhand, India
Abstract
Indian Himalayan region (IHR) is known for its aesthetic view as well as its rich and unique biodiversity. IHR is home to several plants and animals. It acts as a source of food, water and energy to millions of people for their livelihood, provides fuel wood and a variety of materials to the forest industry and also maintains ecological balance. About 1748 medicinal plants (MPs) are reported from IHR and extracts of many of these plants are constituents of various modern medicines. MPs are known for their therapeutic properties, due to which they are being exploited from their natural habitat, leading to their extinction. Lack of cultivation practices and unorganized collection have exerted tremendous pressure on medicinal plants. While identifying the elite populations and individuals based on genetic and phytochemical analysis, it would be appropriate to use a variety of parameters to assess the range of variability while undertaking conservation. To ensure a sufficient supply of plant materials, such elite populations or individuals might serve as source material for mass propagation. Although high-altitude regions would be a great challenge during the identification of the elite population. Over the past few decades, in-vitro plant propagation has emerged as a useful technique as compared to conventional plant multiplication. Plant tissue culture techniques are now being employed to produce secondary metabolites besides producing high-quality plant material. Among the richest treasures of medicinal plant wealth found in the IHR, one of the significant folklore medicinal plants, Arnebia benthamii (Wall. Ex G. Don) Johnston historically utilised over the years. It is a perennial medicinal herb from the family Boraginaceae known as ‘Balchhadi’ locally in Uttarakhand. This plant is used for curing tongue and throat diseases, fever, inflammation and cardiac disorders. This plant is also known for its high quality and faster wound healing properties. The major phytoconstituent present are shikonin and its derivatives that are responsible for a wide range of applications in pharmaceutical, dye, food industry and cosmetics. This review focuses on the detailed study of traditional uses, phytochemistry, geographical distribution and in-vitro propagation of Arnebia benthamii (Wall. Ex G. Don) Johnston.
Keywords
Arnebia, Conservation, Medicinal plant, Phytochemical
References
- Negi, R.K., et al. 2022. Assessment of genetic diversity of Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. ex Royle using ISSR markers: An endangered medicinal herb of Himalaya. Vegetos. 35(4): 942-952.
- Kuniyal, C.P., et al. 2015. Progress and prospect in the integrated development of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) sector in Uttarakhand, Western Himalaya. Env. Develop. Sustain., 17(5): 1141-1162.
- Joshi, K., et al. 2019. Promoting conservation of threatened plant species in West Himalayan region through cultivation- A participatory approach. ENVIS Bull. Himal. Ecol., 27: 45-48.
- Bareetseng, S. 2022. The worldwide herbal market: Trends opportunities. J. Biomed. Res. Env. Sci., 3(5): 575-584.
- Mehta, P., et al. 2020. Conservation and prioriti-zation of threatened plants in Indian Himalayan region. Biodiversity Conser., 29: 1723-1745.
- Kala, C.P., P.P. Dhyani and B.S. Sajwan. 2006. Developing the medicinal plants sector in northern India: Challenges and opportunities. J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomedicine. 2: 1-15.
- Guna, G. 2019. Threat status, conservation and pharmacological activity of Arnebia bentamii : A review. Pharma. Innov., 6(4): 843-847.
- Fayaz, M., et al. 2017. Comparative studies on different solvents used for the extraction of phytochemicals from the plant parts of Arnebia benthamii (Wall ex.G.Don) Johnston. J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 9(1): 220-224.
- Katoch, P., et al. 2016. Concurrent NP-HPTLC determination of shikonin and b,b-dimethylacryl shikonin in Arnebia benthamii. J. Chromatographic Sci., 54(8): 1421-1427.
- Schippmann, U., D.J. Leaman and A.B. Cunnin-gham. 2002. Impact of cultivation and gathering of medicinal plants on biodiversity: Global trends and issues. In Biodiversity and the ecosystem approach in agriculture, forestry and fisheries: Global trends and issues. FAO. pp 142-167.
- Ganie, S.A., et al. 2014. In-vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of Arnebia benthamii (Wall ex. G. Don): A critically endangered medicinal plant of Kashmir valley. Oxidative Medicine Cellular longevity. 2014: 792574.
- Dulta, K., et al. 2023. Species of Arnebia genus found in the Western Himalayas: Arnebia euch-roma (Royle ex Benth.), Arnebia benthamii (Wall. ex. G. Don) Johnston, Arnebia guttata Bunge. In Immunity boosting medicinal plants of the Western Himalayas. Ed A. Sharma and G.A. Nayik. pp 77-105.
- Ambrish, K. and S.K. Srivastava. 2014. Taxonomic studies on the genus Arnebia forssk (Boragina-ceae) in India. Taiwania. 59(4): 315-325.
- Rather, M.A., et al. 2018. Phytochemical investigation of Arnebia benthamii (Wall. ex. G. Don) Im Johnst. Int. J. Innova. Res. Rev., 6: 21-26.
- Kumar, A., et al. 2021. Phytochemical constituents, distribution and traditional usage of Arnebia euchroma: A review. J. Ethnopharmacol., 271: 113896.
- Taghizadeh, S.F., et al. 2021. Cytotoxic activity of cis-(E)-and trans-(Z)-spiroethers isolated from various Arnebia species. South African J. Botany. 142: 114-123.
- Thakur, M., et al. 2020. Traditional therapeutic uses of some important medicinal and aromatic plants of the tribal area of Lahaul valley of Himachal Pradesh, India. Indian J. Traditional Knowledge (UTK). 19(4): 761-775.
- Lone, P.A. and A.K. Bhardwaj. 2013. Ethnome-dicinal uses of certain locally available plants of Bandipora district of Jammu and Kashmir, India. Int. J. Medicinal Aromatic Plants. 3(4): 470-485.
- Thakur, S.D. 2019. Phytochemical constituents of some important medicinal plants from Dachigam national park, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir. Pharma. Innov., 8: 68-71.
- Ahmad, L., et al. 2018. Toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids provide a warning sign to overuse of the ethnomedicine Arnebia benthamii. J. Ethnophar-macol., 210: 88-94.
- Damianakos, H., et al. 2012. Antimicrobial and cytotoxic isohexenylnaphthazarins from Arnebia euchroma (Royle) Jonst. (Boraginaceae) callus and cell suspension culture. Molecules. 17(12): 14310-14322.
- Al-Mussawi, A.A. 2010. Isolation and identification of shikonin from Arnebia decumbens L. and its antibacterial activity. J. Appl. Sci. Res., 6(9): 1452-1456.
- Shameem, N., et al. 2015. Antimicrobiol and antioxidant activity of methanol extracts of Arnebia benthamii (Wall. ex. Don) Johnston- A critically endangered medicinal plant of north-western Himalaya. J. Anal. Sci. Tech., 6(1).
- Ganie, S.A., et al. 2012. Redical scavenging and antibacterial activity of Arnebia benthamii methanol extract. Asian Pacific J. Tropical Medicine. 5(10): 766-772.
- Tiwari, R. and C.S. Rana. 2015. Photomedicine for the diabetes: A traditional approach. Ann. Phytomed., 4(1): 108-110.
- Malik, S., et al. 2010. Direct soot regeneration from intact leaves of Arnebia euchroma (Royle) Johnston using thidiazuron. Cell Biol. Int., 34(5): 537-542.
- Parray, J.A., et al. 2015. Biological efficacy and radical scavenging potential of shikonin is Arnebia benthamii (Wall. ex. G. Don) Johnston. Ind. Crops Products. 74: 434-439.
- Kumar, N., et al. 2020. Wound healing activity of methanolic extract of Arnebia benthamii. Int. J. Pharmaceutical Sci. Res., 11(1): 328-333.
- Chen, S.L., et al. 2016. Conservation and sustainable use of medicinal plants: Problems, progress and prospects. Chinese Medicine. 11: 1-10.
- Singh, U.M., et al. 2013. A review on biological activities and conservation of endangered medicinal herb Nardostachys jatamansi. Int. J. Med. Arom. Plants. 3(1): 113-124.
- Chauhan, J., et al. 2021. Ex-situ conservation- A best method for restoring A conitum species in Indian Himalayan region. NUIS Bull. Himal. Ecol., 29.
- Chandra, N., et al. 2021. Population assessment and habitat distribution modelling of the threatened medicinal plant Picrorhiza kurroa Royal ex Benth. in the Kumaun Himalaya, India. J. Threatened Texa., 13(7): 18868-18877.
- Rathore, S., P. Debnath and R. Kumar. 2021. Kuth Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipsch: A critically endangered medicinal plant from Himalaya. J. Appl. Res. Medicinal Aromatic Plants. 20: 100277.
