Urinary Metabolites of Carcinogenic Compounds and Reduced Lung Function as Predicators of Air Pollution Induced Respiratory Dysfunction in Adult Population of West Bengal, India

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IJEP 44(7): 614-621 : Vol. 44 Issue. 7 (July 2024)

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Anupa Yadav1,2, Aniruddha Mukhopadhayay2, Amit Chakrabarti1, Asim Saha1 and Pritha Bhattacharjee2*

1. Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Centre for Ageing and Mental Health (I-CAM), Division of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD), Salt Lake, Kolkata – 700 091, West Bengal, India
2. University of Calcutta, Department of Environmental Science, Kolkata – 700 019, West Bengal, India

Abstract

The association between air pollution and decreased lung function in adults is well established. However, there is insufficient Indian data to grasp the connection between air pollution, urinary metabolites of pollutants and adult lung function. The study aims to assess lung function and its association with urinary metabolites in adult population of West Bengal. Forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1/FVC ratio were assessed spirometrically. Urinary metabolites of As (U-iAs), Cd (U-Cd), Pb (U-Pb and ALA) and benzene (SPMA) were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS), high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and spectrophotometer. Socio-economic and lifestyle data were collected through a questionnaire. Male FVC and FEV1 were below predicted values (FVC: 3.33 L, FEV1: 2.58 L), while females’ results fell within the predicted range. Rural males showed consistently reduced FVC and FEV1 than urban males. COPD prevalence was 10% in total males, 5% in urban males and 15% in rural males. About 19% of females had restrictive pulmonary impairment. U-Pb is linked to reduced FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC and U-iAs cause reduced FVC; SPMA and U-Cd cause decreased FEV1/FVC. Urinary metabolites are positively associated with reduced lung function. The study emphasizes the harmful effects of lead, arsenic, cadmium and benzene on lung function. Our findings warrant further research in a large population.

Keywords

Lung function, Air pollutants, Urinary metabolites, Urban, Rural

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