IJEP 44(7): 665-672 : Vol. 44 Issue. 7 (July 2024)
Yara EzAl Deen Sultan* and Kanni Raj Arumugam Pillai*
Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr.Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Humanities, Chennai – 600 062, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
Global calamities, such as wildfires, pose a threat to all nations and ecosystems. In light of the numerous anthropological and natural causes of forest fires, precautions should be taken to lessen their negative consequences. The preventative methods were made clearer using the experimental technique, which was utilized to document all experimental steps. The author of this article proposes using adobe material as a remedy for this devastating problem since it slows the spread of the fire. Growth triangles, an engineering approach that aids in distributing the adobe material in a systematic and scientific manner, are also used. In this study, Indian forests are specifically highlighted as a case study with potential worldwide application. The present article recommends using eco-friendly materials to protect the environment and be economical because doing so makes it easier to utilize adobe construction everywhere.
Keywords
Wildfires, Adobe construction material, Tree trunks, Growth triangles
References
- Sultan, Y. E. D. and K. R. A. Pillai. 2023. Wild fires and climate change: Health, air quality, wild fires and causes in India. Indonesian J. Soc. Env., 4(1): 72–80. doi: 10.47540/ijsei.v4i1.789.
- Kumar, S. and S. Kumar. 2020. Forest fires: Causes and impact on environment. Just Agric., 1 (2): 53–55.
- Parks, S.R., et al. 2014. Fire activity and severity in the western US vary along proxy gradients representing fuel amount and fuel moisture. PLoS One. 9(6). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099699.
- Joseph, S., K. Anitha and M. S. R. Murthy. 2009. Forest fire in India: A review of the knowledge base. J. Forest Res. 14(3): 127–134. doi: 10.1007/s103 10-009-0116-x.
- Ajin, R. S., et al. 2015. Forest and wildland fire risk assessment using geospatial techniques: A case study of nemmara forest division, Kerala, India. J. Wetlands Biodiver., (5): 29-37.
- Srivastava, P. and A. Garg. 2013. Forest fires in India: Regional and temporal analyses. J. Tropical Forest Sci., 5 (2): 151-156.
- Rongbin, X., et al. 2020. Wildfires, global climate change and human health. N. England J. Med., 83 (22): 2173-2181.
- Coogan, S. C. P., et al. 2019. Scientists’ warning on wildfire- a canadian perspective. Canadian J. Forest Res., 49(9): 1015–1023. doi: 10.1139/cjfr-2019-0094.
- Gonzalez, T. 1986. Fires, forests and the future: A crisis raging out of control? The World Wide Fund for Nature.
- Le, F., et al. 2018. Predicting potential fire severity using vegetation, topography and surface moisture availability in a Eurasian boreal forest landscape. Forestry. 9 (3): 1-26. doi: 10.3390/f9030 130.
- Mangiameli, M., G. Mussumeci and A. Cappello. 2021. Forest fire spreading using free and open-source GIS technologies. Geomatics. 1 (1): 50-64. doi: 10.3390/geomatics1010005.
- Lopes, A. M. G., et al. 2019. Simulation of forest fire spread using a two-way coupling algorithm and its application to a real wildfire. J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 193: 1-14. doi: 10.1016/j.jweia.2019. 103967.
- Alcasena, F. J., et al. 2015. Assessing landscape scale wildfire exposure for highly valued resources in a mediterranean area. Env. Manage., 55 (5): 1200–1216. doi: 10.1007/s00267-015-0448-6.
- Alvarez, A., et al. 2013. Variables that influence changes in fire severity and their relationship with changes between surface and crown fires in a wind-driven wildfire. Forest Sci., 59 (2): 139-150. doi: 10.5849/forsci.10-140.
- Mahfoud, I. and M. Ali. 2017. Using remote sensing and Gis technologies to map forest fire danger in lattakia Governorate (Syria). American J. Innov. Res. Appl. Sci., 5 (1): 69-76.
- Qiao, C., et al. 2018. Study on forest fire spreading model based on remote sensing and GIS. IOP Conf. Series Earth Env. Sci., doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/199/2/022017.
- Jahdi, R., et al. 2016. Evaluating fire modelling systems in recent wildfires of the Golestan National Park, Iran. Forestry. 89 (2): 136-149. doi: 10.1093 /forestry/cpv045.
- Sahu, J., C.V. Sai Ram and D. Sabha. 2018. Forest fire in India: An overview. Lok Sabha Secretariat, New Delhi.
- Ladrach, W. 2009. The effects of fire in agriculture and forest ecosystems. International Society of Tropical Foresters, Bethesda.
- Zong, X., X. Tian and Y. Yin. 2020. Impacts of climate change on wildfires in Central Asia. Forestry. 11 (8):1-14. doi: 10.3390/f11080802.
- Wolf, K.D., et al. 2021. Wildfire impacts on forest microclimate vary with biophysical context. Ecosphere. 12 (5): 1-16. doi: 10.1002/ecs2.3467.
- Sewak, R., M. Vashisth and L. Gupta. 2021. Forest fires in India: A review. J. University Shanghai Sci. Tech., 23(7): 247-259.
- Brito, M.R., et al. 2023. Evaluation of the properties of adobe blocks with clay and manure. Buildings. 13(3): 1-13. doi: 10.3390/buildings13030 657.
- Patnaik, B. 2019. Sustainability of adobe structures- A review. J. Emerging Tech. Innov. Res., 6(6): 831-835.
- Robert, B. and E.B. Brown. 2004. Survey of damage to historic adobe buildings after the January 1994 Northridge earthquake. (1):1-160.
- Lang, D., et al. 2007. Adobe brick houses. Earthquake engineering Research Institute (EERI) and International Association for Earthquake Engineering (IAEE).
- Buson, M., et al. 2012. Evaluation of performance under fire of compressed earth blocks. 15th International Conference on Experimental Mechanics, Portugal. Proceedings, pp 1-9.
- Satendra and A.D. Kaushik. 2014. Forest fire diaster management. National Institute of Disaster Management, Ministry of Home Affairs, New Delhi.
- Bahuguna, V.K. and A. Upadhyay. 2002. Forest fires in India: policy initiatives for community participation. Int. Forest. Review. 4(2): 1–6.
- Schmerbeand J. and A. Hiremath. 2007. Forest fires in India. Forest Research Institute, Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, New Delhi.
- Ramakrishnan, S., et al. 2020. Adobe blocks reinforced with natural fibres: A review. Mater. Today Proc., 45: 6493–6499. doi: 10.1016/j.matpr. 2020.11.377.
- Xiaodong, X. 2019. The SIJORI growth triangle: Progress, problems and prospect. J. Marit. Stud. Natl. Integr., 3(1). doi: 10.14710/jmsni.v3i1.4473.
