IJEP 45(1): 86-93 : Vol. 45 Issue. 1 (January 2025)
1. Mahakal Institute of Technology, Ujjain – 456 001, Madhya Pradesh, India
2. Shri Vaishnav Vidyapeeth Vishwavidyalaya, Department of Civil Engineering, Indore – 453 111, Madhya Pradesh, India
3. Government College of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Yavatmal – 445 001, Maharashtra, India
Abstract
Spent mushroom substrates (SMS) are the residual materials left after mushroom cultivation. They contain a significant amount of organic matter and nutrients, making them a potential resource for wastewater treatment. SMS are a low-cost or even waste material that can be obtained from mushroom farms; also they are biodegradable and do not pose any significant environmental risk. SMS can be used in various wastewater treatment systems, including aerobic, anaerobic and hybrid systems and it can also enhance soil fertility when used as a soil amendment after wastewater treatment. It can also be reused for farming and growing different species, like small plant species from farm and garden itself. The wastewater treatment involves removing pollutants and contaminants from wastewater to make it suitable for reuse. Treated wastewater can be used for various purposes, including irrigation, aquaculture and industrial processes. A wide range of plant species can be grown using treated wastewater, which includes crops, like alfalfa, corn, wheat, soybeans, tomatoes, lettuce, carrots alongwith fruits, like apples, oranges, grapes, berries. It includes vegetables, such as broccoli, cauliflower, spinach, onions, potatoes and ornamental plants, flowers, shrubs, trees.
Keywords
Mushroom, Spent mushroom substrate, Contaminants, Wastewater treatment, Fertility, Species, Sustainable
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